The referral pathways guide
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Depression is a recognised mood disorder (persistent low mood, loss of interest, and changes to sleep, appetite and energy) that’s clinically distinct from sadness. Several evidence-based therapies can help.
Common experiences
- Persistent low mood most days, most of the day
- Loss of interest or pleasure in things that used to matter
- Sleep changes: insomnia OR sleeping too much
- Appetite changes: eating too much or too little
- Fatigue, low energy, difficulty getting started
- Feeling worthless, guilty, or like a burden
- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
- Thoughts of death or self-harm: please call Lifeline 13 11 14 if so
Clinical notes
Australian context: Roughly 1 in 16 Australians each year. Source.
Clinical coding reference: DSM-5: 296.20 · ICD-11: 6A70
This page is general information only. It is not a diagnosis or personal medical advice. A registered psychologist or doctor can help work out what is happening in your situation.
Questions people often ask
Is depression a chemical imbalance?
The ‘chemical imbalance’ framing oversimplifies what’s actually happening. Depression involves an interplay of biology, psychology, social context, and life events. That’s why both psychological therapy AND, for some, medication can be helpful; they target different parts of the picture.
Will I need to be on medication forever?
Medication isn’t always needed; when it is, it’s not always lifelong. Many people use medication during the most difficult period and taper off as therapy and lifestyle changes take effect. This is a conversation with your GP or psychiatrist.
What’s the best therapy for depression?
CBT has the largest evidence base, but Behavioural Activation, ACT, IPT (interpersonal therapy) and Schema Therapy all have good research support. The ‘best’ therapy is the one that fits your situation and that you’ll actually do.
How do I know if it’s depression or just a rough patch?
If low mood plus several other symptoms have persisted most days for 2+ weeks and are interfering with how you live, work or relate, it’s worth a clinical conversation. A free PHQ-9 self-check at /check/phq-9-depression/ takes 3 minutes.
Need help deciding what to do next?
Reception can help you choose the right appointment type or clinician. If you feel unsafe or at immediate risk, use the urgent help page first.
